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This COI memo provides information in respect of: (i) background information of Sri Lanka, (ii) the legal obligations of law enforcement officials, including the Criminal Investigation Department (“CID”), (iii) the effectiveness of witness protection programs; (iv) the extent of gang violence in Sri Lanka; and (v) legal provisions concerning corruption and (vi) internal relocation barriers.

This COI memo details Kenya's background, the nature and prevalence of SGBV (including FGM), the availability and effectiveness of state and NGO protection for victims, and the possibility of internal relocation. It assesses the legal framework and challenges in prosecution.

The COI memo provides a brief background to sexual or gender based violence (“SGBV”) in Bangladesh in Part 1. Risks facing victims of SGBV, including broader societal risks or discrimination towards survivors of SGBV, are analyzed in Part 2, while Part 3 reviews the accessibility of state protection and other NGO assistance for victims. Part 5 discusses internal relocation barriers.

This COI memo provides a a brief overview of the current political environment of Bangladesh. Risks faced by political activists are explored in detail in Part 2. Parts 3 to 4 discuss the availability of state protection for political activists and the availability of options for internal relocation.

This COI memo summarizes the climate-related issues that have impacted displacement patterns in Pakistan, a country ranked as the number one most affected in the world in 2022 due to exceptionally high relative economic losses and numbers of affected people, resulting in mass economic loss, destruction of homes, and internal migration to urban centers.